French Coast of Somalia year 1900/1930 Postage stamps Collection

French Coast of Somalia year 1900/1930 Postage stamps Collection

French Somaliland, officially established in 1896, was a French colony located in the Horn of Africa. The French Coast of Somalia postage stamps were issued between 1893 and 1967. These stamps are part of the history of French Somaliland, a former French colony in the Horn of Africa. The stamp catalogue showcases 387 stamps from this period, reflecting the colonial presence and administration in the region.

Establishment and Early History

Colonial Beginnings: The French interest in the region began in the 19th century as part of their broader colonial ambitions in Africa. They sought a coaling station and strategic foothold to support their naval operations and trade routes, especially those leading to their colonies in Indochina.

Treaties and Control: In the 1860s and 1880s, France signed treaties with local Somali and Afar leaders to establish a protectorate. The key treaties included agreements with the Sultan of Tajoura and other local chiefs, solidifying French control over the region.

Development as a Colony

Infrastructure and Port Development: The establishment of the port city of Djibouti in 1888 was a significant development. It quickly became the colony’s capital and a critical refueling and transshipment center for maritime traffic passing through the Suez Canal.

Railway Construction: The construction of the Franco-Ethiopian Railway (completed in stages from 1897 to 1917) connected Djibouti with Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. This railway was crucial for trade and the movement of goods between the interior of East Africa and the port of Djibouti.

Socio-Political Dynamics

Ethnic Composition: The population consisted primarily of Somali Issas and Afar people, with smaller communities of Arabs, Europeans (mainly French), and other ethnic groups. The ethnic dynamics played a significant role in the colony’s social and political life.

Colonial Administration: French Somaliland was governed by a colonial administration headed by a governor. The administration focused on maintaining control over the territory, developing infrastructure, and exploiting economic opportunities, particularly related to the port and railway.

Path to Independence

Post-World War II Changes: After World War II, the global wave of decolonization and increasing local demands for self-determination impacted French Somaliland. Political movements began advocating for independence or greater autonomy.

Name Change and Referendums: In 1967, the territory was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, reflecting the major ethnic groups. A referendum that year resulted in a vote to remain under French control, although this outcome was contentious and seen as influenced by France.

Independence: Growing pressure for independence led to another referendum in 1977, which resulted in an overwhelming vote for independence. On June 27, 1977, French Somaliland became the Republic of Djibouti, with Hassan Gouled Aptidon as its first president.