Romania year 1935 Anniversary of revolt in Transylvania stamps set

The Transylvanian peasant revolt, also known as the peasant revolt of Bábolna or Bobâlna revolt, was a significant uprising in the eastern territories of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1437. The revolt was sparked by the failure of George Lépes, the bishop of Transylvania, to collect the tithe for years due to a temporary debasement of the coinage. When coins of higher value were again issued, the bishop demanded the arrears in one sum, which most commoners were unable to pay. The bishop applied interdict and other ecclesiastic penalties to enforce the payment, further infuriating the peasants.The peasants had already been outraged by the increase in existing seigneurial duties and taxes, as well as the introduction of new taxes during the first decades of the century. They also resented the bishop’s attempts to collect the tithe from petty noblemen and Orthodox Vlachs who had settled in abandoned parcels.In the spring of 1437, Hungarian and Vlach commoners, poor townspeople from Kolozsvár, and petty noblemen gathered on the flat summit of Mount Bábolna near Alparét, setting up a fortified camp. The bishop and his brother, Roland Lépes, gathered their troops to fight against the rebels. The united armies of the voivode of Transylvania, the counts of the Székelys, and the Saxon seats eventually forced the rebels to surrender in January 1438. The leaders of the revolt were executed, and other rioters were mutilated at the assembly of the representatives of the Three Nations of Transylvania.In contrast, the Revolt of Horea, Cloșca, and Crișan was a Romanian-led uprising that took place in 1784. It began in the Metaliferi Mountains and spread throughout Transylvania and the Apuseni Mountains. The revolt was sparked by the poor conditions of feudal serfs and the lack of political representation for Orthodox Romanians. The peasants, led by Horea, Cloșca, and Crișan, refused to continue with the exploitative system of obligatory labor and instead sought to enroll in the army. The uprising was put down, and the leaders were executed. However, it led to significant reactions across Europe, including the eventual abolition of serfdom in Transylvania