The Ceres postage stamps of Portugal, issued between 1912 and 1945, are among the most iconic and celebrated Portuguese philatelic series. These stamps depict the Roman goddess Ceres, symbolizing agriculture, abundance, and fertility, and are widely collected for their historical significance and artistic design.
Key Details:
- Design:
- The central figure is Ceres, holding a sheaf of wheat, emphasizing Portugal’s agricultural roots.
- The image was designed by Constantino de Sobral Fernandes and engraved by José Sérgio de Carvalho e Silva.
- Release Period:
- First issued in 1912 during the First Portuguese Republic.
- Remained in use, with various modifications, until the early 1940s.
- Printing Methods:
- Initially printed using typography (letterpress).
- Later issues included lithographed versions, which show subtle differences in detail and finish.
- Perforations:
- These stamps exist in a variety of perforation formats (11½, 12, and compound). Collectors often pay special attention to these differences.
- Watermarks:
- Stamps were issued with and without watermarks. The types of watermarks (e.g., “CC” or “Crown”) can significantly affect the value.
- Denominations and Colors:
- Issued in a wide range of denominations (from ½ centavo to higher values).
- The stamps feature an array of colors, each assigned to different denominations.
- Historical Context:
- These stamps were issued during a time of great political change in Portugal, spanning the end of the monarchy, the establishment of the First Republic, and later the Estado Novo regime.
Collecting Ceres Stamps:
- Varieties: Variations in perforations, watermarks, and printing methods make them a fascinating series to collect.
- Errors and Rarities: Misprints, color varieties, and rare combinations are highly sought after by philatelists.
- Condition: Like all stamps, mint-condition examples or stamps with clear cancellations fetch higher prices.
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